REVIEW ARTICLE
The Etiopathogenesis and Genetic Factors in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Review Article
Gustavo-Esteban Lugo-Zamudio1, *, Rosa-Elda Barbosa-Cobos2, Lucía-Verónica Maya-Piña2, Dolores Delgado-Ochoa3, María-Mercedes López-Mayorga2, Ivonne Arenas-Silva2, Diana-Sarai Arellano-Álvarez4
Article Information
Identifiers and Pagination:
Year: 2023Volume: 17
E-location ID: e187431292302140
Publisher ID: e187431292302140
DOI: 10.2174/18743129-v17-e230327-2022-11
Article History:
Received Date: 15/09/2022Revision Received Date: 01/02/2023
Acceptance Date: 03/02/2023
Electronic publication date: 05/04/2023
Collection year: 2023
open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Introduction:
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a group of heterogeneous systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle inflammation from unknown causes resulting in chronic weakness. Recent studies have shown the role of the cellular immune response affecting muscle fibers in polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis, and to a lesser extent, dermatomyositis (DM), wherein humoral immunity is more involved. The value of genetic factors of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) has also been highlighted. In studies of murine models, the presence of HLA-DR3 favors a higher risk of developing inflammatory muscle disease, including PM and juvenile DM. In recent years, few studies have provided timely information regarding this, thus the researchers initially proposed a review of existing literature to broaden the context regarding what was described and to visualize proposals that may enhance the understanding of this group of inflammatory pathologies.
Methods:
The design, implementation, analysis, and reporting of this study were followed according to the search with MeSH terms (Autoimmune myopathy, Inflammatory myopathies, Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies AND Major histocompatibility complex and genetics). We analyzed 12 articles for this review article.
Conclusion:
In the etiopathogenesis of IIM, both humoral and cellular immunity are observed, considering the presence of a trigger that causes the immune response. As for the immunogenetics, this review highlights what has been reported in Chinese and Mexican populations, where HLADRB1*09:01 is related to the presence of DM, and is observed as the first variant identified in various populations. This increases interest in this allele in the particular case to study DM and strengthens research that proposes the study of IIM independently for each nosological entity.
